Junior Cert Science - Chemistry

What do you call an atom that has gained or lost an electron?
1. An ion
2. A proton
3. A nucleus
4. A bond
What is an ion?
1. An atom which has gained or lost one or more neutrons
2. An atom which has gained or lost one or more electrons
3. An atom which has gained or lost one or more protons
4. An atom with a completely filled outer shell
Name the compound formed when lithium reacts with bromine?
1. Lithium bromate
2. Bromide lithium
3. Lithium bromide
4. Bromine lithium
What type of bonding is present in sodium chloride?
1. Covalent bond
2. Chemical bond
3. Atomic bond
4. Ionic bond
Which one of the following is a property of ionic substances?
1. They have high melting points and boiling points
2. They are all liquids at room temperature
3. They are quite unreactive.
4. They are usually soft solids
The number of atoms gained, lost or shared by an atom in a chemical bond is also known as:
1. its valency
2. its atomic number
3. its mass number
4. its charge
What is the name of the compound formed when sulfur combines with magnesium?
1. Magnesium sulfur
2. Sulfur magnesium
3. Magnesium sulfate
4. Magnesium sulfide
Fluorine has seven electrons in its outer shell. How many electrons does it need to gain a full outer shell?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 7
4. 9
Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell and needs two more to have a full outer shell. Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell and needs four more electrons to fill its outer shell. How many atoms of oxygen will combine with one carbon atom so that each has a full outer shell of electrons?
1. Two oxygen atoms
2. One oxygen atom
3. Three oxygen atoms
4. Neither of the other answers is correct
Which of the following pairs of elements will most likely react to form an ionic compound?
1. Hydrogen and oxygen
2. Nitrogen and oxygen
3. Sodium and chlorine
4. Carbon and oxyygen
When sodium and chlorine combine to form an ionic structure, what are the charges on the ions?
1. -1 on the sodium and +1 on the chlorine
2. +1 on the sodium and -1 on the chlorine
3. +1 on the sodium and -2 on the chlorine
4. +2 on the sodium and -1 on the chlorine
Which of the following compounds is most likely to be formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal?
1. Covalent compound
2. Metallic compound
3. A gaseous compound
4. Ionic compound
Why is sodium more reactive than magnesium?
1. Because sodium is less dense than magnesium
2. Because sodium has a lower melting point
3. Sodium finds it easier to lose its only outer electron compared to magnesium losing both its outer electrons
4. The sodium atom is smaller than the magnesium atom
Which of the following statements will be correct about the reaction between calcium and fluorine?
1. Calcium will form ions with a charge of +2
2. Calcium and fluorine share electrons
3. Fluorine will form ions of charge +1
4. The compound formed is CaF
Which of the following pairs of elements will combine to produce a covalent bond?
1. Sodium and chlorine
2. Magnesium and oxygen
3. Hydrogen and chlorine
4. Lithium and bromine
How are the ions held together in an ionic substance?
1. Oppositely charged ions are formed which attract each other
2. Electrons from the different ions are shared and this holds them together
3. The outer shells of the atoms overlap which holds them together
4. The ions become mixed up in a giant molecule, and this holds them together.
What is the charge on the magnesium ion in magnesium fluoride?
1. +1
2. -2
3. +2
4. -1
Which none of the following is not a property of an ionic substance?
1. They have high melting points
2. They conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water
3. They are usually soft solids
4. They usually form crystal lattices
What is meant by a covalent bond?
1. The transfer of electrons between two atoms
2. The sharing of electrons between atoms
3. The attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
4. The sharing of protons between atoms
Why can ionic substances conduct electricity when in solution or molten, but not when they are in the solid state?
1. When in solution or molten, the atoms are free to move, but not free to move in the solid state
2. When in solution or molten, the electrons are free to move, but not free to move in the solid state
3. Electrons cannot travel through solids
4. When in solution or molten, the ions are free to move but not free to move in the solid state
How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
Which of the following happens during the formation of an ionic bond?
1. There is a sharing of electrons between atoms
2. There is a sharing of protons
3. There is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another
4. A molecule splits up into separate atoms.
What is an ion?
1. An atom that shares electrons with another atom.
2. An atom or group of atoms that have gained or lost electrons
3. An atom or group of atoms that have gained or lost protons
4. An atom that has more neutrons than protons
When forming an ionic bond, why do atoms gain or lose electrons?
1. So that they can gain a full outer shell of electrons.
2. In order that they may become neutral atoms.
3. In order that their outer shells overlap to form a bond.
4. So that a new electron shell is formed.
What will be the charge on an ion formed from an element in group VI (6)?
1. +2
2. +6
3. -1
4. -2
When a covalent bond is formed, what happens to the outer shell of electrons?
1. Each atom gains electrons to reach a full outer shell
2. One of the atoms gains electrons while the other atom loses electrons
3. An electron from each atom is shared
4. An electron is removed from each atom's outer shell
What is the charge on the magnesium ion in magnesium oxide (CaO)?
1. +1
2. +2
3. -1
4. -2
What is the reason for ionic compounds having high melting and boiling points?
1. The bonds between the atoms are strong
2. The bonds between the ions are strong
3. A small amount of energy is needed to break the bonds between the ions
4. Ionic compounds consist of a giant crystalline structure
Why does an atom becomes positively charged when it loses an electron?
1. It now has more protons than electrons
2. It now has more electrons than protons.
3. Because it also gains protons
4. It gains neutrons as well
What happens to a metal atom when it forms an ionic compound?
1. It gains one or more electrons
2. It loses one or more electrons
3. It shares electrons with the other atom.
4. It loses one or more protons
Which of the following CANNOT happen when an atom gets a full share of outer electrons?
1. A loss of electrons
2. A transfer of electrons into the nucleus
3. Sharing electrons
4. Gain of electrons
Which of the following elements tends to lose electrons the easiest when bonding?
1. Elements in the first two groups of the Periodic table
2. The noble gases.
3. The transition metals
4. Group IV (4) elements
The valency of an element is:
1. The number of protons an atom of that element must gain, lose or share in order to obtain a full outer shell.
2. The charge on an ion of that element.
3. The number of electrons an atom of that element must gain, lose or share in order to obtain a full outer shell.
4. The group number of the group to which that element belongs.
The valency of an element depends upon
1. the period number to which that element belongs
2. the numbers of neutrons in its nucleus
3. the number of protons in an atom of that element
4. the group number to which that element belongs
The force of attraction that holds atoms together in a compound is called
1. a chemical bond
2. a neutron
3. gravity
4. an ion
Which one of the the following occurs when sodium forms an ionic bond?
The statement "When bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an electron arrangement with eight electrons in the outermost shell" is known as
1. Ohm's law
2. the Octet Rule
3. Brownian Motion
4. Boyle's Law
How does a calcium ion of charge +2 become neutral?
1. By gaining one electron
2. By gaining two electrons
3. By losing one electron
4. By losing two electrons
How does a chloride ion of charge -1 become neutral?
1. By gaining one electron
2. By gaining two electrons
3. By losing one electron
4. By losing two electrons
Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
1. Group I elements lose one electron from their outer shell to form ions of charge +1
2. Aluminium loses three electrons from its outer shell to from an ion of charge +3
3. Group VII (7) elements need one electron to get a stable outer shell
4. Group VI elements need six electrons to get a full outer shell.
The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in an ionic substance is called
1. an ionic bond
2. a covalent bond
3. a magnetic force
4. weight
A covalent bond is
1. a bond consisting of shared pairs of electrons
2. a force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
3. a force of attraction between electrons and protons
4. a bond between negative electrons and a positive ion
Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in order to have the same electron arrangement as
1. the noble gases
2. the transition metals
3. the halogens
4. the alkali metals
The sodium ion has a positive charge. Which one of the following is the electron configuration of the sodium ion?
1. 2,8,1
2. 2,8
3. 2,8,2
4. 2,8,8,2
What is the name of the compound formed when a fluoride ion bonds with a potassium ion?
1. Fluoride potassium
2. Potassium fluorine
3. Potassium fluoride
4. Fluorine potassium
In ionic compounds, oxygen gains two electrons. Which one of the following is the electron configuration for the oxide ion?
1. 2,4
2. 2,5
3. 2,6
4. 2,8
A group of atoms carrying an electric charge is known as
1. a simple ion
2. a radical
3. a covalent bond
4. a crystal lattice
Which one of the following radicals is written with the INCORECT formula?
1. SO₄^2-
2. CO₃^2-
3. OH⁺
4. NO₃^-
Which of the following is the correct formula for the hydrogen carbonate radical?
1. HCO₃^-
2. NO₃^-
3. NH₄⁺
4. SO₄^2-
The valencies of certain elements can vary. Name this group of elements.
1. Alkaline earth metals
2. The noble gases
3. The halogens
4. Transition metals
Which of the following substances is not a covalent compound?
1. O₂
2. NaCl
3. H₂
4. HCl
What is the valency of copper in copper oxide, CuO?
1. +1
2. -1
3. +2
4. -2
What is the valency of iron (Fe) in iron sulfate?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. -2
In covalent compounds, electrons are ................., while in ionic compounds, electrons are .................... What two word are missing?
1. shared and transferred respectively
2. shared and gained respectively
3. transferred and shared respectively
4. gained and lost respectively
Which one of the following properties does NOT belong to a covalent substance?
1. Soft solid and poor conductor of electricity
2. Liquid with a low boiling point
3. High melting point and brittle solid
4. Insoluble in water and does not conduct electricity
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
1. Ionic compounds conduct electricity
2. Ions contain the same number of protons as electrons
3. An ionic bond results from the attraction between opposite charges.
4. Elements in group VI (6) of the Periodic Table have a valency of 2.
Which of the following elements does NOT have a valency of 3?
1. Nitrogen
2. Aluminium
3. Boron
4. Sulfur
MgS is the correct formula for
1. magnesium sulfate
2. magnesium sulfide
3. manganese sulfide
4. sulfide magnesium
Of the following molecules listed below, which of them contains a triple covalent bond?
1. N₂ - Nitrogen molecule
2. O₂ - Oxygen molecule
3. H₂ - Hydrogen molecule
4. NH₃ - Ammonia molecule

Junior Cert Science - Chemistry - Bonding

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